Introduction
Initially
counselling was designed to psychologically empower the client in dealing with
his unmanageable life situations. For this the counsellor and counselee need to
sit face to face and come up with right approach. The one-to-one discussion
mandated the requirement of a bonding relationship which led to the increase in
the scope of this technique in different other areas. These areas are usually
termed as special areas of counselling.
1. Family Group
Consultation,
2. Counselling
families,
3. Counselling Women,
4. Parents Counselling,
5. Counselling the
Delinquent,
6. Counselling
Reluctant Clients,
7. Marriage
Counselling,
8. Pre-marital
Counselling,
9. Counselling with
families concerning children,
10. Counselling Weaker
Section of Society,
11. Counselling Drug
Addicts, and
12. Life Skills Trainers.
1. Family Group
Consultation – A counselling method that involves
no more than 4 families. It usually needs 8 to 12 sessions. Families are helped
to discuss life events and learn intricacies of dealing with challenges. Idea
is to enhance the positive interaction among families.
2. Counselling families
– The idea behind the family counselling is to
address the stress resulted from the discord between family members leading to
creation of a modified way of living. Discords occurs due to imbalance in
adherence to the old system and openness to the new experiences.
3. Counselling Women – The change in social paradigms led to the change in the way women
worked and behaved in traditional society. Women are more autonomous in their
decision making. The freedom of women from socio-cultural bonds and economic
self-sufficiency necessitated the emergence of new area of women counselling.
Counsellor must be well versed with changing pattern of women’s role.
4. Parents Counselling – This technique is a kind of social engineering. The aim of parent
counselling is to sensitize parents regarding their role as role model for
children. The differences in perceptual ability of parents and teacher towards
a child is the central premise of this technique.
5. Counselling the Delinquent –
Delinquency is indicator of gross emotional immaturity mostly found in
adolescents. It is the central premise of this technique. The rapid psycho-physical
growth led by mental upheaval induces nervousness, self-consciousness,
uncertainty about future and other behavioural changes. Delinquency is closely
related to socially unaccepted behaviour such as petty crimes.
6. Counselling
Reluctant Clients – The clients who refuse to
accept their condition as psychologically morbidity comes under this category.
They mostly referral ones who exhibit an unwillingness to communicate. They are
the most difficult class of clients to deal with. Generally, the reluctancy,
results from various kinds of dissatisfaction, faulty belief system and lack of
faith in others.
7. Marriage Counselling
– It is done to prevent the break up and bettering
the marital life. The stress in marital relationship can be attributed to
several factors such as, third party intervention, financial, change in family
structure, difference in belief and value system, adjustment, excessive
expectations, lack of communication and empathy and other host of factors. The
couples and their relationship type are focal point of marriage counselling.
Counsellor must be well versed with objective and philosophy of marriage.
8. Pre-marital
Counselling – The pre-marital counselling is
conducted in cases where potential mates are known to each other. In Indian
system we rarely witness this phenomenon because in most of the marriages the
partners are complete strangers.
9. Counselling with
families concerning children – The parent-child
relationships is the focal point. The children grow and become less dependent
upon their parents and they look at things with their perspective. Whereas
parents expect their children to live and behave as per the family philosophy
& ethics. Even some parents expect their children to be what they could
not. The discordant in their respective viewpoints leads to stressed
relationship. Sibling relations is another area which is addressed in this
technique.
10. Counselling Weaker
Section of Society – The diversity of Indian
society has its own strength and weaknesses. One of the weaknesses is large
socio-economic gap among people. The gap engenders a feeling of inferiority
leading to lacking in almost all spheres of life. The counsellor needs to
relate unconditionally with such peoples.
11. Counselling Drug
Addicts – Drug addiction is the result of
behavioural deficiency arises out of several factors such as frustration,
feeling alienation and distress, escapism, excitement seeking, unrealistic
aspirations etc. It is psycho-biological phenomenon. Drug provides a temporary
relief. The central theme of this technique is to pull out make aware the
addict regarding the temporariness of relief. The counselling drug addicts is a
challenging task because of the nature of their behaviour.
12. Life Skills Trainers – The life skills are living skills that adds quality to life. Life
skills provides tools to deal with challenges/demands of daily lives the youth
face, from managing their emotions to make an informed decision. The trainers
need to counsel on three domains of life skills, i.e., self-awareness,
interpersonal skills and thinking skills. These skills help youth better
understand themselves, get along with others, and gain tools to cope with
life’s inevitable difficulties.
References:
1. Rao, S. N. (2004).
Counselling and Guidance. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. https://www.slideshare.net/reynel89/types-of-guidance.
3. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/guidance/guidance
-types-top-3-types-of-guidance-explained/63673.
4. https://work.chron.com/objectives-group-guidance-2682.html.
5.
https://www.unicef.org/azerbaijan/media/1541/file/basic% 20life%20skills.pdf
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