1. Acceptance – According to Carl Rogers, “By acceptance I mean a warm regard for
him as a person, no matter what his condition, his behaviour or his feelings It
means a respect and liking for him as a separate person, a willingness for him
to possess his own feelings in his own way”. Acceptance is foundation of
rapport between counsellor and counselee. The acceptance of an individual in
its totality and natural form is necessary for kick start of effective counselling.
2. Respect for the
Individual – Each individual is unique in
temperament and response to stimulus. This principle suggests that each person
is to be respected and valued as a person of worth (Blum & Balinsky, 1961).
The emotional response and personality type of an individual must be given due
regard without being judgmental.
3. Optimism – The optimism has been defined as a positive anticipatory state
“an inclination to put the most favourable construction upon actions and events
or to anticipate the best possible outcome” (“Optimism”, 2011). Optimism is described
as a cognitive process (Bruiniks & Malle, 2005) focusing on outcome
expectancies determining goal directed behaviour (Snyder et al., 1991). This
principle suggests that both counsellor as well as counselee must be optimistic
in their approach, relationship, outcome and mutual trust.
4. Learning – Learning is permanent modification of behaviour. Counselling is an
interactive face-to-face process that has its foundation on modification of
behaviour. Counselee should be helped to modify his behaviour so that he can
adjust and adapt to the demands of the environment and overcome the immediate
problem. It helps in circumventing the reoccurrence of the problems. Hence,
learning theories form the base of counselling.
5. Rationalization of
thinking with client – The rationalization means
reorganization. In the counselling context, the counsellor to be effective has
to rationalize the thought process with that of client. The central idea behind
this principle is to obtain authentic, pure and original information from
client. She/he must feel secure in sharing problem-related personal information
with the counsellor.
References:
1. Rao, S. N. (2004).
Counselling and Guidance. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. https://www.slideshare.net/reynel89/types-of-guidance.
3. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/guidance/guidance-types-top-3-types-of-guidance-explained/63673.
4. https://work.chron.com/objectives-group-guidance-2682.html.
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