Introduction
Apart from ICD system DSM is considered the standard system of classification of mental disorders. It is intended to be applicable in a wide variety of contexts and used by clinicians and researchers of many different orientations, for example; biological, psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioural, interpersonal, family/systems. It offers standard psychiatric diagnosis system evolved from the empirical evidence collected from various stake holders such as mental hospitals, neuroscience evidences and army health services.
Active
Users of DSM
(i) Clinical psychologists,
(ii) Researchers,
(iii) Psychiatrists,
(iv) Psychiatric drug regulation agencies,
(v) Health insurance companies,
(vi) Pharmaceutical companies,
(vii) The legal system, and
(viii)
Policymakers.
Journey
of DSM
DSM
stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
(i) Published by American Psychiatrists
Association.
(ii) In 1917 Committee on Statistics (Now APA)
in collaboration with National Commission on Mental Hygiene developed
guidelines for mental hospitals and published as “Statistical Manual for the
Use of Institutions for the Insane”.
(iii) It was revised in 1943 and named as Medical
203 and contained 22 diagnoses.
(iv) DSM–I came into existence in 1952 after WHO
(1949) included a special section on Mental Disorders in ICD-6. It listed 106
mental disorders.
(v) DSM–II is a revised edition of DSM-I,
published in 1968 and contained 182 mental disorders and focused on biological
perspective.
(vi) DSM–III was published in 1983 which
contained 265 diagnostic categories with new classification known as multiaxial
classification (5 axes). It was comprehensive publication contained diagnostic criteria
for each disorder and
other
related information.
(vii) DSM–III–R was the revised edition of DSM–III
published in 1987. In this, categories were renamed, reorganized some were
deleted and few others added. It contained 292 diagnoses.
(viii) DSM-IV–TR was published in 2000. TR stands
for Text Revision. In this manual the text sections giving extra information on
each diagnosis were updated, as were some of the diagnostic codes in order to
maintain consistency
with
the ICD system.
(ix) DSM–V was published in May 2013. It is
based on explicit disorder criteria, which taken together constitute a
“nomenclature” of mental disorders, along with an extensive explanatory text.
DSM-V discarded the multiaxial system adopted by DSM-IV. Instead, it places
mental disorders into categories.
DSM–V
Categories
(i) Anxiety disorders,
(ii) Bipolar and related disorders,
(iii) Depressive disorders,
(iv) Feeding and eating disorders,
(v) Obsessive-compulsive and related
disorders, and
(vi) Personality disorders
References:
1. Verma, L. P. (1965). Psychiatry in
ayurveda. Indian J Psychiatry. 1965;7:292.
2. पांडेय,
जगदानंद.
(1956). असामान्य
मनोविज्ञान.
पटना:
ग्रंथमाला
प्रकाशन
कार्यालय।
3. http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/21119/1/Unit-2.pdf.
4. https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en.
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