Meaning-cum-Definition
Substance
or Drug Abuse – Consumption of illegal substances or drugs and excessive use or
consumption of prescribed medicines and alcohol.
It is the harmful or hazardous use of
psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs (National Health
Portal of India).
Concept
of Addiction
Addiction due to substance abuse is a
disease characterized by the following factors: -
(i) Compulsive use -
An irresistible impulse and repetitive ritualized acts
(ii) Loss of control
- The inability to limit or resist inner urges.
(iii) Continued use despite adverse consequences
- Use of the substance continues despite declining health and awareness about
it.
Risk
Factors/ Causes
(i) Peer influence is a significant factor
for heroin initiation.
(ii) Family history of alcoholism or other
substance abuse.
(iii) Environmental factors (Disturbed home).
(iv) Stress and other psychological factors
(Traumatic event, mental disorder, depression).
(v) Experimentation.
(vi) Easy availability leading to early usage.
(vii) Glorification in media.
(viii) Faulty role models.
(ix) Genetic predisposition.
(x) Curiosity.
(xi) Sensation seeking.
(xii) Low self-esteem.
(xiii)
Inability to cope with stress.
(xiv) Poor self-control.
(xv) Poor family support and control.
(xvi) Faulty of poor self-management.
(xvii) Poverty (Socioeconomic status).
(xviii)
Psychological rewards (pleasurable experience).
(xix) Unscientific use of drugs by registered medical
doctors (Saha, 2004).
References:
1. Murthy, P., Manjunatha, N., Subodh, B.
N., Chand, P. K., & Benegal, V. (2010). Substance use and addiction
research in India. Indian journal of psychiatry, 52(Suppl 1), S189–S199.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.69232
2. https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/30/reasons-drug-abuse-india.
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3146212.
4. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38824478
5. https://www.altamirarecovery.com/drug-addiction/causes-effects-drug-
addiction/
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